Device, method, and user interface for integrating application-centric libraries and file browser applications

ABSTRACT

A multifunction device generates a display of a first view of an application-centric library associated with an application. The application-centric library has content rules that limit files to those that include content compatible with the application. The first view includes a representation of a first file compatible with the application and added to the application-centric library. The instructions also include: while displaying the first view, detecting first inputs; in response to detecting the first inputs, generating a display of a second view comprising a representation of a second file not added to the application-centric library; while displaying the second view, detecting second inputs interpreted as a selection of the representation of the second file; and in response to detecting the second inputs, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the application, adding the second file to the application-centric library.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/006,042, “DEVICE, METHOD, AND USER INTERFACE FOR INTEGRATING APPLICATION-CENTRIC LIBRARIES AND FILE BROWSER APPLICATIONS,” filed May 30, 2014, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to manipulating files in electronic devices, including but not limited to integrating inter-operating system file management and use.

BACKGROUND

The use of portable multifunction devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary portable multifunction devices include the iPhone™ and iPad™.

Such portable multifunction devices typically operate in a mobile operating system environment. Applications running in such environments may store compatible files in application-centric libraries, with each application acting as the portal to the files in its application-centric library. Due to common limitations of mobile operating system environments, applications may have restricted access to files stored in the application-centric libraries of other applications.

SUMMARY

Generally, devices which do not operate in the mobile operating system environment are not so limited. Such devices (which include desktops and laptops, for example) use file browser applications, such as Finder™ and Windows Explorer™, that allow for navigation between files compatible with different applications. Maintaining files in both the mobile operating system and the non-mobile operating system environment becomes cumbersome if a user wishes to manipulate a file in both operating system environments.

For example, because a user in the mobile operating system environment may not be able to manipulate files beyond the application-centric libraries, any work performed on a file while outside the mobile operating system environment must be copied over to the application-centric library, when the user wishes to continue work on that file inside the mobile operating system environment. Not only is this approach time-consuming and cumbersome, it risks significant lost work-product due to copying errors when files are moved between the application-centric library and the file browser application.

Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for working with files across multiple operating system environments. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for managing and manipulating files in electronic devices. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user, produce a more efficient human-machine interface, and reduce inadvertent lost work-product. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with manipulating files across multiple operating system environments are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.

In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs including instructions for generating a display of a first view. The first view includes a first application-centric library associated with a first application. The first application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the first application-centric library to files that include content compatible with the first application. The first view includes a first representation of a first file compatible with the first application and added to the first application-centric library. The instructions also include: while displaying the first view, detecting a first set of one or more inputs; in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, generating a display of a second view comprising a first representation of a second file not added to the first application-centric library, while displaying the second view, detecting a second set of one or more inputs interpreted as a selection of the representation of the second file; and in response to detecting the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, adding the second file to the first application-centric library.

In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs including instructions for generating a display of a file system user interface for opening files. A first file is represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library. The instructions also include: while displaying the file system user interface, detecting a first set of one or more inputs that correspond to a request to open the first file; and in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, opening the first file using the first application; and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, opening the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display. The method includes generating, on the display, a first view comprising a first application-centric library associated with a first application, wherein the first application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the first application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application, and wherein the first view comprises a first representation of a first file compatible with the first application and added to the first application-centric library. The method also includes while displaying the first view, detecting a first set of one or more inputs. The method further includes in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, generating, on the display, a second view comprising a first representation of a second file not added to the first application-centric library; while displaying the second view, detecting a second set of one or more inputs interpreted as a selection of the representation of the second file; in response to detecting the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, adding the second file to the first application-centric library.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display. The method includes generating, on the display, a file system user interface for opening files, wherein a first file is represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library. The method also includes while displaying the file system user interface, detecting a first set of one or more inputs that correspond to a request to open the first file. The method further includes in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, opening the first file using the first application; and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, opening the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.

In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, causes the device to perform any of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display and means for performing any of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display, includes means for performing any of the methods described above.

Thus, electronic devices are provided for manipulation and editing of files across multiple operating system environments, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for managing and manipulating files in electronic devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for managing and manipulating files across multiple operating systems in accordance with some embodiments in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of manipulating files.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of opening a file located in multiple locations in a file browser application.

FIG. 8 illustrates a functional block diagram of an exemplary electronic device according to various examples.

FIG. 9 illustrates a functional block diagram of an exemplary electronic device according to various examples.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.

Described below are methods and interfaces for managing and manipulating files across multiple operating system environments. Maintaining files in both a mobile operating system and a non-mobile operating system environment becomes cumbersome if a user wishes to manipulate a file in both operating system environments. The methods and interfaces describe below reduce the cognitive burden on a user, produce a more efficient human-machine interface, and reduce inadvertent lost work-product. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, 8, and 9 provide a description of exemplary devices for performing the techniques for managing and manipulating files across multiple operating systems. FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for managing and manipulating files across multiple operating systems. The user interfaces in the figures are also used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 6-7.

Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch.

The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.

The device may support a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system 112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display 112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes known as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device 100 includes memory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units (CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106, other input control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100 optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100). Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application-specific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 may include one or more computer-readable storage mediums. The computer-readable storage mediums may be tangible and non-transitory. Memory 102 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 122 may control access to memory 102 by other components of device 100.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices 116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker 111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of touch screen 112 or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g., 206) may turn power to device 100 on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen 112 is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.

Touch screen 112 may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following: U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen 112 displays visual output from device 100, whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Touch screen 112 may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 may also include one or more optical sensors 164. FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143 (also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112 on the front of the device so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image may be obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor 164 can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor 164 may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensity sensor 165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 may also include one or more proximity sensors 166. FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 may be coupled to input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Proximity sensor 166 may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile output generator 167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generates tactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a user of device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 may also include one or more accelerometers 168. FIG. 1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118. Alternately, accelerometer 168 may be coupled to an input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Accelerometer 168 may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3. Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display 112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices 116; and location information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which may be a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing; to camera 143 as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact         list);     -   Telephone module 138;     -   Video conferencing module 139;     -   E-mail client module 140;     -   Instant messaging (IM) module 141;     -   Workout support module 142;     -   Camera module 143 for still and/or video images;     -   Image management module 144;     -   Video player module;     -   Music player module;     -   Browser module 147;     -   Calendar module 148;     -   Widget modules 149, which may include one or more of: weather         widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3,         alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and other         widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets         149-6;     -   Widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;     -   Search module 151;     -   Video and music player module 152, which merges video player         module and music player module;     -   Notes module 153;     -   Map module 154; and/or     -   Online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that may be stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contacts module 137, and telephone module 138, video conference module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module may be combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video and music player module 152, FIG. 1A). In some embodiments, memory 102 may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 may be reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module 172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver 182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 may utilize or call data updater 176, object updater 177, or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 include one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170 and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which may include sub-event delivery instructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display 112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touch screen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200. In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward), and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 may be used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that may be executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.

In one embodiment, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, subscriber identity module (SIM) card slot 210, headset jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments, device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or other communications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communication buses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320 optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display 340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generating tactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359 (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, website creation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet module 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above-identified elements in FIG. 3 may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370 may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 370 may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that may be implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),         such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;     -   Time 404;     -   Bluetooth indicator 405;     -   Battery status indicator 406;     -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:         -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which             optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed             calls or voicemail messages;         -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which             optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread             e-mails;         -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and         -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also             referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,             labeled “iPod;” and     -   Icons for other applications, such as:         -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”         -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”         -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”         -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”         -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online             Video;”         -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”         -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;”         -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”         -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”         -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout             Support;”         -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and         -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, labeled             “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device 100             and its various applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A are merely exemplary. For example, icon 422 for video and music player module 152 may optionally be labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g., touch screen display 112). Device 300 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 357) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/or one or more tactile output generators 359 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 300.

Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display (e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface 451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.

As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that may be displayed on the display screen of devices 100, 300, 800, and/or 900 (FIGS. 1, 3, 8, and 9). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) may each constitute an affordance.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or touch screen 112 in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface may be characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero.

In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device 300 or portable multifunction device 100.

FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for integrating application-centric libraries and file browser applications in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 6A-6B and 7. While Numbers™, Pages™, Keynote™, and other applications are used as exemplary applications in FIGS. 5A-5M, it should be understood that the processes disclosed herein are applicable to virtually any application that can be operated on a multifunction device. Further, while some of FIGS. 5A-5M are illustrated in a user interface of a portable multifunction devices (such as iPhone™, or iPad™, for example), it should be understood that an analogous illustration can be offered on other multifunction devices, such as a desktop or laptop device (iMac™ or MacBook™, for example).

FIG. 5A illustrates a multifunction device 100 generating a display of a view 502 comprising a first application-centric library. For exemplary purposes, first application-centric library in FIG. 5A is a Pages™—centric library (as indicated by title 508). The first application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the first application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application (e.g., content that can be opened and/or edited by the first application). Such content rules may be governed by the structure of the mobile operating system (such as iOS™, Android™, etc.), may be declared by an application, or may be user-defined. In some embodiments, each file includes a flag indicating whether that file is declared to be compatible with an application. View 502 includes a representation 504 of a first file, Pages1, compatible with the first application. While view 502 includes a single file 504, any number of files (e.g., view 540 in FIG. 5F, view 560 in FIG. 5I) could be included in a view of an application-centric library.

In some embodiments, view 502 is a landing page for the first application in a mobile operating environment. A landing page may include a primary application data source arrived at when a user selects an open menu (e.g., menu 536 in FIG. 5D) of the first application. In some embodiments, an open menu provides a drop-down menu of options to open a new file, including options for accessing an application specific library, creating a new file, etc. In some embodiments, view 502 is presented in a file browser application, such as Finder™ or Windows Explorer™.

Representation 504 includes an indication 506 of a location of a linked file (e.g., a file associated with representation 524 in FIG. 5C). In some embodiments, a representation of a file in an application-centric library (with associated content rules) may be linked to a file stored in a folder (without associated content rules) such that an operation performed on the representation of the file in the first-application centric library is also performed on the file stored in the folder. Such operations may include a manipulation caused by user input, such as file deletion, file name change, file editing, etc. In some embodiments, the file may be stored by a file hosting service (e.g, DropBox, Google Drive, etc.) and a manipulation, such as a file deletion, of the representation of the file in the application-centric library results in the same manipulation of the file stored by the file hosting service.

By adding representations of the file in the application-centric library and the file browser application and by linking the two representations, the devices, methods and interfaces may advantageously reduce the cognitive burden on a user, produce a more efficient human-machine interface, and reduce inadvertent lost work-product. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

FIG. 5A illustrates an up-level symbol 510 in view 502. In response to detecting an input on the up-level symbol 510 of the view 502, a display of a view (e.g., view 512 in FIG. 5B) of a representation (e.g., representation 514 in FIG. 5B) of the first application-centric library and representations (e.g., representation 516, 518, and 520) in FIG. 5B) of other folders and files is generated.

FIG. 5B illustrates generating a display of view 512 comprising a representation 514 of a first application-centric library, a representation 516 of a file (Pages2) compatible with Pages™, a representation 518 of a folder, and a representation 520 of a second application-centric library.

Second application-centric library, represented by element 520 in FIG. 5B, has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the second application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with a second application. The content rules associated with the second application-centric library are different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library. In FIG. 5B, the second application-centric library is depicted as a Keynote-centric library, for exemplary purposes. Some files may comply with the content rules of two application-centric libraries. Thus, representations of such files may be added to both application-centric libraries.

In some embodiments, a representation (such as representations 514 and 520, in FIG. 5B) of an application-centric library comprises a non-textual representation (e.g., a visual symbol associated with the application, such as Pages' pen and paper icon, Keynotes' bar graph, Safari's compass, etc.).

In some embodiments, a folder (such as the “Projects” folder represented by element 518 in FIG. 5B) may have associated content rules different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library. In some embodiments, the folder may have no associated content rules based on application compatibility. In some embodiments, a folder may have no associated content rules.

In some embodiments, the folder is associated with a hierarchical filing system displayed in a file browser application, such as Finder™ or Windows Explorer™. In response to an input on representation 516 of the folder, a display of a view (e.g., view 522 in FIG. 5C) of contents of the folder is generated.

FIG. 5C illustrates generating a display of a view 522 of contents of a folder in a hierarchical filing system. View 522 includes files compatible with respective applications, including files (e.g., Pages1 and Pages3 represented by elements 524 and 526, respectively) compatible with Pages™, a file (e.g. Numbers1 represented by element 528) compatible with Numbers™, a file (e.g. Keynote1 represented by element 530) compatible with Keynote™, and a file (e.g. Word1.doc represented by element 532) compatible with Microsoft Word™. Some files may be compatible with multiple applications.

While displaying view 512 of FIG. 5B or view 522 of FIG. 5C, a user may select a representation of a file (e.g., representation 516 and representation 526 in FIGS. 5B and 5C, respectively). When the input is interpreted as a selection of a representation of a file, and in accordance with a determination that the file is compatible with the first application, a representation of the file may be added to the application-centric library (e.g., the Pages-centric library). Whether a representation of the file is added to the application-centric library may depend on one or more determinations, as described in the following paragraphs. Note that, for exemplary purposes, the following paragraphs discuss inputs detected on representation 516, but the description applies equally to any representations of a file outside an application-centric library (such as representation 526 in FIG. 5C).

In response to detecting an input on representation 516, the action taken may depend on a determination of whether the associated file, Pages2, is compatible with the first application. In accordance with a determination that the file is compatible with the first application, a representation of the file is added to the first application-centric library. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the file is compatible with the first application, the file may be opened in the first application. In accordance with a determination that the file is not compatible with the first application, a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file is provided. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the file is not compatible with the first application, opening the file in the second application is prevented.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting an input on representation 516, the action taken may depend on a further determination of whether a representation of the file Pages2 is included in the first application-centric library. This further determination may be taken in conjunction with determining whether the file is compatible with the first application. In accordance with a determination that the file is not located in first application centric library and is compatible with the first application, the file is added to the first application-centric library.

Adding a second representation of a file in the first application-centric library does not comprise removing the first representation of the file from another view. Rather, after adding a second representation of the file to the first application-centric library, the first and second representations are linked, as described above. That is, an operation performed on the second representation of the file in the first-application centric library is also performed on the first representation. In this way, operations performed on a file when working in a mobile operating environment may be automatically replicated in the corresponding file in the file browser application. In this way, the methods, devices, and user interfaces described herein may save time and reduce the risk of lost work-product by removing the step of copying files between mobile operating system environments and file browser application.

In some embodiments, adding a file to an application-centric library may include storing that file in a location associated with the application-library, or storing a copy of the file in a location associated with the application-library. In some embodiments, adding a file to an application-centric library may include creating a logical connection between the application-centric library and a file, such as a canonical file.

In some embodiments, the action taken depends on the operating system environment in which the input was detected. FIGS. 5D-5F describe the action taken for exemplary inputs in a mobile operating system (such as iOS™, Android™, etc.). FIGS. 5G-5I describe the action taken for exemplary inputs received in a file browser application (such as Finder™ or Windows Explorer™).

FIGS. 5D-5F describe the action taken when the input is received in a mobile operating system (such as iOS™, Android™, etc.). FIG. 5D illustrates generating a view 534 of a user interface for Pages™ in a mobile operating environment. In response to an input on open menu 536 and in accordance with a determination that the input corresponds to a selection of the application library, a display of a view of the application centric library is generated, for example view 502 in FIG. 5A. From view 502, the user can choose to navigate out of the application-centric library. In FIG. 5A, detecting an input on up-symbol 510 results in navigating out of the application-centric library, but it should be recognized that other symbols may be used for that purpose. Following navigation out of the application-centric library, a top-level view may be presented, such as view 512 in FIG. 5B.

When an input is detected on the representation 516 of Pages2 in the view 512 of FIG. 5B that originated from the application user interface in FIG. 5D, a second representation of the file Pages2 is added to the application-centric library for Pages™, as described above. In addition, in response to detecting the input on the representation 516, Pages2 may be opened in the Pages™ user interface in the mobile operating environment that originated in the user interface of FIG. 5D. FIG. 5E illustrates generating a display of a view 538 of Pages2 opened in the mobile operating environment as a result of the input detected on the representation 516 of Pages2 in view 512 of FIG. 5B.

FIG. 5F illustrates generating a display of a view 540 of the application-centric library associated with Pages™ after Pages2 was opened from the view 512 of FIG. 5B via the application user interface in FIG. 5D. In addition to the representation 504 of the file Pages1, a representation 542 of the file Pages2 has been added to the application-centric library.

FIG. 5G illustrates generating a display of a view 544 of a file browser application, such as Finder™ or Windows Explorer™. View 544 in FIG. 5G is the file browser application analog to the mobile operating system view 522 described above in FIG. 5C, with a representation 546 of an additional file, Pages4, added to the folder. FIG. 5H illustrates a “drag and drop” operation performed on Pages4 and onto a representation 548 of the application-centric library associated with Pages™. As a result of the drag and drop operation, a second representation of the file Pages4 is added to the application-centric library for Pages™, as described above. FIG. 5I illustrates generating a display of a view 560 of application-centric library associated with Pages™, with representation 562 of Pages4 now added to the application centric library. Representation 562 of Pages4 is now linked to the file Pages4 and the location of the file Pages4 is indicated in the representation 562. As can be seen, view 560 consists of representations of a plurality of files (Pages1, Pages2, and Pages4) compatible with Pages™.

FIG. 5J illustrates a view 566 of the Projects folder arrived at by starting in a user interface of the Pages™ application within a mobile operating environment. Files compatible with Pages™ are distinguished from files which are not compatible with Pages™. The non-compatible files have representations (528 a, 530 a, and 532 a) that are shaded to provide a distinction from the compatible files. Although FIG. 5J indicates non-compatible files as shaded, any distinction could be used. The visual distinction serves to alert the user that some files cannot be opened when the folder is accessed via an application in the mobile operating environment. In this way, a user can save time and avoid the dissatisfaction attendant with selecting files that cannot be opened from generated display.

Referring back FIG. 5G and a view 544 of the Projects folder arrived at by navigating through a file browser application, no distinction is added to the representations of the files. In this environment, there is no restriction on which files can be accessed or manipulated.

FIGS. 5K, 5L, and 5M illustrate generating a display of a file system user interface (e.g., Finder™ or Windows Explorer™) for opening files. A file (Filet) is represented in the file system at multiple locations. FIG. 5K illustrates the file at a first location within a first application library. FIGS. 5L and 5M illustrate the file at a second and third location, respectively, outside the first application-centric library.

While displaying the file system interface, a first set of inputs is detected that corresponds to a request to open a file. The location of the file determines the application which opens the file. In this way, a user can advantageously save time by opening files directly from an application-centric library associated with the application with which they want to work.

FIG. 5K illustrates a view 570 of a first application centric library (as indicated by the highlighted name in the system hierarchy 572), which includes representation 574 of File 1. FIG. 5L illustrates a view 578 of a second application centric library (as indicated by the highlighted name in the system hierarchy 572), which includes representation 582 of File 1. FIG. 5M illustrates a view 584 of a folder (as indicated by the highlighted name in the system hierarchy 572), which includes representation 586 of File 1.

In response to an input on a representation of the file, and in accordance with a determination that the input selected representation 574 of the file in the first application centric library, the file is opened in the first application. Similarly, in response to an input on a representation of the file, and in accordance with a determination that the input selected representation 580 of the file in the second application centric library, the file is opened in the second application.

In some embodiments, an application-centric library in any of FIGS. 5K-5M has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the associated application.

The folder does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder. In response to an input on a representation of the file, and in accordance with a determination that the input selected the representation 586 of the file in the folder, the file is opened in a default application associated with the file type of the file. In some embodiments, the folder corresponds to a file hosting service and the file is stored by the file hosting service.

Returning to FIGS. 5K and 5L, the location of the folder is included in the representation of the file in the first and second application-centric libraries (elements 576 and 582, respectively). The representations in the first and second application-centric libraries may be linked to the representation in the folder so that an operation performed on any one representation of the three, is also performed on the other two. Further, if a file has only two of these representations, the two representations are linked in the same way.

In some embodiments, a second file may be added to either of the application-centric libraries through a drag and drop gesture. If a determination is made that the second file is compatible with the content rules of the respective application-centric library, then the second file is added to that library. On the other hand, if a determination is made that the second file is not compatible with the content rules of the respective application-centric library, a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file is provided.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method 600 of manipulating files. The method 600 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, in FIG. 1A) with a display. Some embodiments in method 600 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 600 reduces the cognitive burden on a user, produces a more efficient human-machine interface, and reduces inadvertent lost work-product. For battery-operated electronic devices, a more efficient human-machine interface conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.

In some embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, in FIG. 1A), with a display, generates (602), on the display, a first view (e.g., 502, 540, 560, 570, and 578 in FIGS. 5A-5M) comprising a first application-centric library associated with a first application. The first application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the first application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application. The first view comprises a first representation (502) of a first file compatible with the first application and added to the first application-centric library.

While displaying the first view (e.g., 502, 540, 560, 570, and 578 in FIGS. 5A-5M), the device detects (604) a first set of one or more inputs.

In response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, the device generates (608), on the display, a second view (e.g., 512, 522, 544, and 584 in FIGS. 5A-5M). The second view comprises a first representation (e.g., 516, 526, 528, 530, 532, 546, 566, and 586 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of a second file not added to the first application-centric library.

While displaying the second view (e.g., 512, 522, 544, and 584 in FIGS. 5A-5M), the device detects (610) a second set of one or more inputs.

In response (612) to detecting the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, the device adds (614) the second file to the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, the device adds (614) the second file to the first application-centric library and the device does not remove (620) the representation (e.g., 516, 526, 528, 530, 532, and 546 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the second file from the second view (e.g., 512, 522, 544, and 584 in FIGS. 5A-5M).

In some embodiments, in response (612) to detecting the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, the device opens (624) the second file in the first application (e.g. FIG. 5E).

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, the device adds (614) the second file to the first application-centric library further comprises the device links (622) the second file to a second representation (e.g., 542 and 562 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the second file in the first-application centric library such that an operation performed on the second representation (e.g., 542 and 562 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the second file in the first-application centric library is also performed on the second file.

In some embodiments, while displaying the first view (e.g., 502, 540, 560, 570, and 578 in FIGS. 5A-5M), the first set of one or more inputs further comprises a first input and a second input. Method 600 further comprises the device detects (606) the first input. In response to detecting the first input, the device generates (626), on the display, a third view (e.g., 512 in FIGS. 5A-5M). While displaying the third view (e.g., 512 in FIGS. 5A-5M), the device detects (628) the second input. In response to detecting the second input, in accordance with a determination that the second input corresponds to a selection of the representation (e.g., 518 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the folder, the device generates (630) the second view (e.g., 522 in FIGS. 5A-5M).

In some embodiments, the second view (e.g., 544 in FIGS. 5A-5M) further comprises a representation (e.g., 548 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first application-centric library and wherein the second set of one or more inputs comprises dragging the representation (e.g., 546 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the second file to the representation (e.g., 548 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs comprises a request to open the second file in the first application.

In some embodiments, the second view (e.g., 512 in FIGS. 5A-5M) further comprises a representation (e.g., 514 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first application-centric library and a representation (e.g., 518 and 520 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of a folder having associated content rules different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library or having no content rules.

In some embodiments, the third view (e.g., 512 in FIGS. 5A-5M) further comprises a representation (e.g., 520 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of a second application-centric library associated with a second application, wherein the second application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the second application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the second application, wherein the content rules associated with the second application-centric library are different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, the folder does not have associated content rules based on application compatibility.

In some embodiments, the folder has no associated content rules.

In some embodiments, the representation of the folder is a representation of a file hosting service and the second file is stored by the file hosting service.

In some embodiments, the representation (e.g., 514 and 520 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first application-centric library comprises a non-textual representation of the first application.

In some embodiments, the first view (e.g., 502, 540, 560, 570, and 578 in FIGS. 5A-5M) is generated for display in response to detecting a selection of a primary application data source from an open menu (e.g., 536 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first application.

In some embodiments, the second view (e.g., 562 in FIGS. 5A-5M) comprises representations (e.g., 524, 526, and 566 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of files that are compatible with the first application and that are visually distinguished from representations (e.g., 528 a, 530 a, and 532 a in FIGS. 5A-5M) of files that are not compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the first view is generated for display in a file browser application that is different from the first application, and wherein the second view (e.g., 544 in FIGS. 5A-5M) comprises representations (e.g., 550, 552, and 546 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of files that are compatible with the first application and that are not visually distinguished from representations (e.g., 554, 556, and 558 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of files that are not compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the first view (e.g., views 502, 540, 560, 570, and 578 in FIGS. 5A-5M) consists of representations (e.g., 504, 542, 562, 574, and 580 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of a plurality of files compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the representation (e.g., 504, 542, 562, 574, and 580 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first file includes location information (e.g., 506, 564, 576, and 582 in FIGS. 5A-5M) of the first file in a local or remote file system.

In some embodiments, the first file includes a flag indicating that the first file is declared to be compatible with the first application.

It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in FIGS. 6A-6B have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method 700) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 600 described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6B. For example, the adding, linking, selection, manipulation, representation, and viewing of files, folders, and libraries described above with reference to method 600 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the adding, linking, selection, manipulation, representation, and viewing of files, folders, and libraries described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method 700). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of opening a file located in multiple locations in a file browser application. The method 700 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, in FIG. 1A) with a display. Some embodiments in method 700 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 700 reduces the cognitive burden on a user, produces a more efficient human-machine interface, and reduces inadvertent lost work-product. For battery-operated electronic devices, a more efficient human-machine interface conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.

In some embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, in FIG. 1A), with a display generates (702), on a display, a file system user interface (e.g., FIGS. 5K-5M) for opening files.

While displaying the file system user interface, the device detects (704) a first set of one or more inputs.

In response (706) to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation (e.g., 574, 580, and 586 in FIGS. 5K-5M) and of a first file that was displayed in a first view (e.g., 570, 578, and 584 in FIGS. 5K-5M) that corresponds to a first location within the application-centric library, the device opens (708) the first file using a first application.

In response (706) to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation (e.g., 574, 580, and 586 in FIGS. 5K-5M) of the first file that was displayed in a second view (e.g., 570, 578, and 584 in FIGS. 5K-5M) that corresponds to a second location, the device opens (710) the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.

In some embodiments, in response (706) to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation (e.g., 574, 580, and 586 in FIGS. 5K-5M) of the first file that was displayed in a third view (e.g., 570, 578, and 584 in FIGS. 5K-5M) that corresponds to a third location in the file system, the device opens (712) the first file using a third application that is different from the first application and the second application.

In some embodiments, in accordance (714) with a determination that a representation of a second file was dragged to a representation of the first location, in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, the device adds (716) the second file to the application-centric library.

In some embodiments, in accordance (714) with a determination that a representation of a second file was dragged to a representation of the first location, in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, the device provides (718) a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file.

In some embodiments, the second location is within a second application-centric library that is associated with the second application.

In some embodiments, the application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the second location is within a folder that does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder, and the second application is a default application that is associated with opening files having a file type of the first file.

In some embodiments, the representation (e.g., 574 and 580 in FIGS. 5K-5M) of the first file that was displayed in the first view (e.g., 570 and 578 in FIGS. 5K-5M) includes the second location (e.g., 576 and 582 in FIGS. 5K-5M) within the file system.

In some embodiments, an operation performed on the representation (e.g., 574, 580, and 586 in FIGS. 5K-5M) of the first file that was displayed in the first view (e.g., 570, 578, and 584 in FIGS. 5K-5M) is also performed on the representation (e.g., 574, 580, and 586 in FIGS. 5K-5M) of the first file that was displayed in the second view (e.g., 570, 578, and 584 in FIGS. 5K-5M).

In some embodiments, the second view corresponds to a file hosting service and the first file is stored by the file hosting service.

It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in FIG. 7 have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method 600) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 700 described above with respect to FIG. 7. For example, the adding, linking, selection, manipulation, representation, and viewing of files, folders, and libraries described above with reference to method 700 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the adding, linking, selection, manipulation, representation, and viewing of files, folders, and libraries described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method 600). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B and 7 are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, displaying operations 602, 608, 626, 630, and 702, detecting operations 604, 606, 610, 628, 704, adding operations 614, 624, and 716 notification operations 616 and 718, opening operations 618, 708, 710, and 712, and linking operation 622 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event information to respective event definitions 186, and determines whether a first input corresponds to a predefined event or sub event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 may utilize or call data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIG. 8 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 800 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described examples. The functional blocks of the device can be, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 8 can be, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination, separation, or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 8, electronic device 800 can include display unit 802 configured to display, and input receiving unit 804 configured to receive input. Electronic device 800 can further include processing unit 806 coupled to display unit 802 and input receiving unit 804. In some examples, processing unit 806 can include first set of inputs detecting unit 808, second set of inputs detecting unit 810, file compatibility determining unit 812, and file adding unit 814.

Display unit 802 may be configured to generate a first view comprising a first application-centric library associated with a first application. The first application-centric library may have associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the first application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application. The first view may include a first representation of a first file compatible with the first application and added to the first application-centric library.

Processing unit 806 may be configured to detect a first set of inputs (from input receiving unit 804 and using first set of inputs detecting unit 808). In response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, the display unit may be configured to generate a second view comprising a first representation of a second file not added to the first application-centric library.

Processing unit 806 may be configured to detect a second set of inputs (from input receiving unit 804 and using second set of input detecting unit 810) while the display unit 802 displays the second view. Processing unit 806 may be configured to determine the compatibility of the second file with the first application-centric library (using file compatibility determining unit 812). Processing unit may be configured to add the second file to the first application-centric library (using file adding unit 814) based the determination of the compatibility of the second file with the first-application centric library.

In some embodiments, file adding unit 814 may be configured to link the second file to a second representation of the second file in the first-application centric library such that an operation performed on the second representation of the second file in the first-application centric library is also performed on the second file.

In some embodiments, the second view may include a representation of the first application-centric library and the second set of one or more inputs may include dragging the representation of the second file to the representation of the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs may include a request to open the second file in the first application.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 806 is configured not to remove the second file from the representation of the second file from the second view when adding the second file to the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, the second view may include a representation of the first application-centric library and a representation of a folder having associated content rules different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library.

In some embodiments, the first set of one or more inputs may include a first input and a second input, and wherein the processing unit 806 is configured, while displaying the first view, to detect the first input of the first set of one or more inputs; in response to detecting the first input, generating, on the display, a third view may include a representation of the first application-centric library and a representation of a folder having no associated content rules or associated content rules different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library; while displaying the third view, detecting the second input; and in response to detecting the second input, in accordance with the determination that the second input corresponds to a selection of the representation of the folder, generating the second view. In some embodiments, the third view may include a representation of a second application-centric library associated with a second application, and the second application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the second application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the second application, wherein the content rules associated with the second application-centric library are different than the content rules associated with the first application-centric library. In some embodiments, the folder does not have associated content rules based on application compatibility. In some embodiments, the folder has no associated content rules. In some embodiments, the representation of the folder is a representation of a file hosting service and the second file is stored by the file hosting service. In some embodiments, the processing unit may be configured, when adding the second file to the first application-centric library further, to link the second file to the corresponding representation of the second file in the first-application centric library such that an operation performed on the corresponding representation of the second file in the first-application centric library is also performed on the second file stored by the file hosting service. In some embodiments, the representation of the first application-centric library may include a non-textual representation of the first application.

In some embodiments, the first view is generated for display in response to detecting a selection of a primary application data source from an open menu of the first application. In some embodiments, the second view may include representations of files that are compatible with the first application and that are visually distinguished from representations of files that are not compatible with the first application

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured, when adding the second file to the first application-centric library, to open the second file in the first application.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured, in response to detecting the second set of one or more inputs and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, to provide a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file.

In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured, in response to detecting the second set of one or more inputs and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, to prevent opening of the second file in a compatible application.

In some embodiments, the display unit generates the first view in a file browser application that is different from the first application, and the second view includes representations of files that are compatible with the first application and that are not visually distinguished from representations of files that are not compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the first view consists of representations of a plurality of files compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the representation of the first file includes location information of the first file in a local or remote file system.

In some embodiments, the first file includes a flag indicating that the first file is declared to be compatible with the first application.

FIG. 9 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 900 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described examples. The functional blocks of the device can be, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 9 can be, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination, separation, or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 9, electronic device 900 can include display unit 902 configured to display, and input receiving unit 904 configured to receive input. Electronic device 900 can further include processing unit 906 coupled to display unit 902 and input receiving unit 904. In some examples, processing unit 906 can include first set of inputs detecting unit 908, first location determining unit 910, first application file opening unit 912, and second application file opening unit 914.

Display unit 902 may be configured to generate a file system user interface for opening files. A first file may be represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library.

Processing unit 906 may be configured to detect a first set of inputs (from input receiving unit 904 and using first set of input detecting unit 908) that correspond to a request to open the first file. In response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs, processing unit 906 may be configured to determine the location of the first file within the file system (using file location determining unit 910).

In accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, processing unit 908 may open the first file using the first application (using first application file opening unit 912).

In accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, processing unit 908 may open the first file using the second application (using first application file opening unit 914).

In some embodiments, the second location is within a second application-centric library that is associated with the second application.

In some embodiments, the application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application.

In some embodiments, the second location is within a folder that does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder, and the second application is a default application that is associated with opening files having a file type of the first file.

In some embodiments, the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view includes the second location within the file system.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 906 may be configured, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a third view that corresponds to a third location in the file system, to open the first file using a third application that is different from the first application and the second application.

In some embodiments, an operation performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view is also performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the second view.

In some embodiments, the second view corresponds to a file hosting service and the first file is stored by the file hosting service

In some embodiments, second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and the processing unit 906 is configured, in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, to add the second file to the application-centric library.

In some embodiments, second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and the processing unit 906 is configured to in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, to provide a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Indeed, as noted above, while applications such as Pages™, Keynotes™, and Numbers™ are used as exemplary applications, the processes disclosed herein are applicable to virtually any application that can be operated on an electronic device. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by an electronic device with a display, cause the device to: generate, on the display, a file system user interface for opening files, wherein a first file is represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library; while displaying the file system user interface, detect a first set of one or more inputs that correspond to a request to open the first file; and in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, open the first file using the first application; and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, open the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.
 2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the second location is within a second application-centric library that is associated with the second application.
 3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application.
 4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 3, wherein the second location is within a folder that does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder, and the second application is a default application that is associated with opening files having a file type of the first file.
 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view includes the second location within the file system.
 6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions to cause the device to: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a third view that corresponds to a third location in the file system, open the first file using a third application that is different from the first application and the second application.
 7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein an operation performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view is also performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the second view.
 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the second view corresponds to a file hosting service and the first file is stored by the file hosting service.
 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and further comprising instructions to cause the device to: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, add the second file to the application-centric library.
 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and further comprising instructions to cause the device to: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, provide a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file.
 11. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with a display: generating, on the display, a file system user interface for opening files, wherein a first file is represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library while displaying the file system user interface, detecting a first set of one or more inputs that correspond to a request to open the first file; and in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, opening the first file using the first application; and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, opening the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.
 12. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a memory; and a processor coupled to the display and the memory, the processor configured to: generate a display of a file system user interface for opening files, wherein a first file is represented in the file system in multiple locations including a first location within a first application-centric library that is associated with a first application and a second location that is outside of the first application-centric library; while displaying the file system user interface, detect a first set of one or more inputs that correspond to a request to open the first file; and in response to detecting the first set of one or more inputs: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a first view that corresponds to the first location within the application-centric library, open the first file using the first application; and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a second view that corresponds to the second location, open the first file using a second application that is different from the first application.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the second location is within a second application-centric library that is associated with the second application.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second location is within a folder that does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder, and the second application is a default application that is associated with opening files having a file type of the first file.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view includes the second location within the file system.
 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a third view that corresponds to a third location in the file system, opening the first file using a third application that is different from the first application and the second application.
 18. The method of claim 11, wherein an operation performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view is also performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the second view.
 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second view corresponds to a file hosting service and the first file is stored by the file hosting service.
 20. The method of claim 11, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and further comprising: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, adding the second file to the application-centric library.
 21. The method of claim 11, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and further comprising: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, providing a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file.
 22. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the second location is within a second application-centric library that is associated with the second application.
 23. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the application-centric library has associated content rules that limit files that can be added to the application-centric library to files comprising content that is compatible with the first application.
 24. The electronic device of claim 23, wherein the second location is within a folder that does not have associated content rules that limit files that can be stored in the folder, and the second application is a default application that is associated with opening files having a file type of the first file.
 25. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view includes the second location within the file system.
 26. The electronic device of claim 12, the processor further configured to: in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more inputs includes selection of a representation of the first file that was displayed in a third view that corresponds to a third location in the file system, open the first file using a third application that is different from the first application and the second application.
 27. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein an operation performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the first view is also performed on the representation of the first file that was displayed in the second view.
 28. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the second view corresponds to a file hosting service and the first file is stored by the file hosting service.
 29. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and the processor further configured to: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is compatible with the first application, add the second file to the application-centric library.
 30. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein a second file is represented in the file system in a third location different from the first location, and the processor further configured to: in accordance with a determination that a representation of the second file was dragged to a representation of the first location and in accordance with a determination that the second file is not compatible with the first application, provide a notification of the selection of a non-compatible file. 